Usually, it happens to new employees, people who go back to work after a long break, or anyone who accidentally filled in their tax form wrong. If you’re a student starting your first real job, welcome to the club—everyone seems to get a taste of this at some point. It’s like a weird rite of passage.
Even if you’re an old pro changing jobs, if your previous employer didn’t send in your P45 on time, you’re a target. The tax office sees a ghost where your employment history should be, and bam, emergency tax.