So, does your buttercream cake need to be refrigerated? Only if it’s hot, humid, or filled with dairy-rich stuff. For basic buttercream and a cool kitchen? Let it breathe on the counter—it’s happier there.
At the end of the day, trust your senses. If the buttercream looks greasy or feels warm to the touch, chill it. If it looks like a fluffy cloud, let it be. You’ve got this, and your cake is going to taste amazing either way.